Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Progressive Era †Helping The Common Man. History Essay (300 Level Course)

Progressive Era – Helping The Common Man. History Essay (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Progressive era was from 1895-1920, named by historians for the reformats spirit that took place. The Progressive era had three goals to help the â€Å"common man† to get the government to regulate big business and to reduce the power of political bosses. The people in the Progressive era were amazing. Robert M. Lafollette governor from Wisconsin, as governor of the state he put into act many reform policies such as the direct primaries, more equitable taxes, and regulated the railroad. He also was elected to the U.S. Senate. There were the muckrackers, journalist and novelist who exposed problems in the system such as Upton Sinclare’s The Jungle and Ida Tarbell’s expose on John D. Rockefeller, and Lincoln Steffen’s The Shame of the Cities. These works made the middle class aware of major problems facing the nation. There were muckracking magazines such as McClures, Cosmopolitan and Colliers. Women’s reform was also big during this era. If it was not for women such as Carrie Chapman Catt and social workers Alice Paul and Jane Addams, who established the Hull House to help new immigrants in Chicago, women would not have come to the forefront of politics. The political reform that was pushed through this era by Robert M. Lafollette, Theodore Roosevelt, and others is amazing. Many progressives hoped that the political reform would take power away from political bosses and put it into the power of the common man. The voters achieved this through secret ballot, direct primary, and city manager and commissioner forms of city government, initiative, referendum, and recall. Also two other important reforms were achieved through amendments to the constitution the 17 amendment the direst election of U.S. Senators and the 19 amendment the right for women to vote. There were three presidents elected during this era they were Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Theodore Roosevelt was the first president to side with strikers, in the year of 1902 the coal miners went on strike in Pennsylvania and he sided with the strikers not the owners. Roosevelt was a â€Å"trust buster† with 44 trust busts under his presidency. He also had the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 to regulate big business. The Elkins Act of 1903 that prohibited the railroad from giving rebates to favored customers. The Hepburn Act of 1906 where the Interstate Commerce Commission set the maximum rates for the railroad. One of the most important was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 that banned impure and mislabeled food and drugs, then the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 which put federal regulation on the meat industry. He was also the first president to conserve national resources. His presidency is referred to as the â€Å"Square Deal.† After Theodore Roosevelt was William Howard Taft. William Howard Taft was elected in 1909 and served until 1913 as President of the United States. HE was also a trustbuster. He has 90 anti trust suits during his presidency. The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 that regulated telephones telegraphs, cable and wireless. The Publicity Act of 1910 where the filing for election contributions were made public. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 raised tariffs. He fired Gifford Pichot during the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy. Then in 1913 Woodrow Wilson was elected to the presidency. William Howard Taft was running for re-election and Theodore Roosevelt did not like how he was running the country so he ran against him on the Bull Moose ticket and they split the vote, which allowed Woodrow Wilson to win. Woodrow Wilson’s presidency is known as the â€Å"New Freedom.† During his presidency the Underwood Tariff was put into effect and in lowered tariffs. Then the Federal Reserve Act on 1913 put a money supply in national banks and some state banks. The Smithe Lever of 1914 gave money to states for farming. Federal Trade Commission of 1914 to stop unfair interstate commerce. The Clayton Antitrust Act helped to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act by attacking monopolies, barred interlocking directories, protected workers right to strike and to picket and boycott, gave unions protection from prosecution. Then the Federal Farm Loan of 1916 let farmers borrow money. The Keating Owen of 1916 regulates child labor. Workmen’s compensation la w was passed. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected to the presidency because he ran on the anti war platform and defeated Charles Evans Hughes, however, we did enter the war under Woodrow Wilson’s presidency. The prohibition on alcoholic liquors was passed with the 18 amendment during his presidency and women’s suffrage was ratified with the 19 amendment. I think there were more than just three important achievements during the Progressive Era. Women’s right to vote, the secret ballot, the initiative, referendum and recall, the direct primary, direct election on U.S. Senators and the reform of city government, commission and city managers are at the top of the list. However, the Pure Food and Drug Act, and the conservation on natural resources, the child labor laws are all so very important. All of these things were great achievements of the Progressive Era. Research Papers on Progressive Era - Helping The Common Man. 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Saturday, November 23, 2019

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era Learning the list of U.S. presidents in order   is an elementary school activity. Most everyone remembers the most important and best presidents, as well as those that served in wartime. But many of the rest are forgotten in the fog of memory or vaguely remembered but cant be placed in the right time frame. So, quick, when was Martin Van Buren president? What happened during his tenure? Gotcha, right? Heres  a refresher course on this fifth grade subject that includes the 45 U.S. presidents as of January 2017, along with the defining issues of their eras.   U.S. Presidents 1789-1829 The earliest presidents, most of whom are considered to be Founding Fathers of the United States, are usually the easiest to remember. Streets, counties, and cities are named after all of them across the country. Washington is called the father of his country for good reason: His ragtag Revolutionary army beat the British, and that made the United States of America a country. He served as the countrys first president, guiding it through its infancy, and set the tone. Jefferson, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, expanded the country tremendously with the Louisiana Purchase. Madison, the father of the Constitution, was in the White House during the War of 1812 with the British (again), and he and wife Dolley had to famously escape the White House as it was burned by the British.  These early years saw the country carefully begin to find its way as a new nation. George Washington (1789-1797)John Adams (1797-1801)Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)James Madison (1809-1817)James Monroe (1817-1825)John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) U.S. Presidents 1829-1869 This period of U.S. history is marked by the searing controversy of slavery in the Southern states and compromises that tried and ultimately failed to solve the problem. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 all sought to deal with this issue, which inflamed passions both North and South. These passions ultimately erupted in secession and then Civil War, which lasted from April 1861 to April 1865, a war that took the lives of 620,000 Americans, almost as many as in all other wars fought by Americans combined. Lincoln is, of course, remembered by all as the Civil War president trying to keep the Union intact, then guiding the North throughout the war and then attempting to bind up the nations wounds, as stated in his Second Inaugural Address. Also, as all Americans know, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth just after the war ended in 1865. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)William H. Harrison (1841)John Tyler (1841-1845)James K. Polk (1841-1849)Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)James Buchanan (1857-1861)Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) U.S. Presidents 1869-1909 This period, which stretches from just after the Civil War until the early part of the 20th century, was marked by Reconstruction, including the three Reconstruction Amendments (13, 14 and 15), the rise of the railroads, westward expansion, and wars with Native Americans in the areas where American pioneers were settling. Events like the Chicago Fire (1871), the first run of the Kentucky Derby (1875) the Battle of Little Big Horn (1876), the Nez Perce War (1877), the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge (1883), the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890) and the Panic of 1893 define this era. Toward the end, the Gilded Age made its mark, and that was followed by the populist reforms of Theodore Roosevelt, which brought the country into the 20th century. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)James A. Garfield (1881)Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)William McKinley (1897-1901)Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) U.S. Presidents 1909-1945 Three momentous events dominated this time period: World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II. Between World War I and the Great Depression came the Roaring 20s, a time of immense social change and huge prosperity, which all came to a screeching halt in October 1929, with the crash of the stock market. The country then plunged into a somber decade of extremely high unemployment, the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains and many home and business foreclosures. Virtually all Americans were affected. Then in December 1941, the Japanese bombed the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. was drawn into World War II, which had been wreaking havoc in Europe since the fall of 1939. The war caused the economy to finally turn up. But the cost was high: World War II took the lives of more than 405,000 Americans in Europe and the Pacific. Franklin D. Roosevelt was president from 1932 to April 1945, when he died in office. He steered the ship of state through two of these traumatic times and left an enduring mark domestically with New Deal legislation. William H. Taft (1909-1913)Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) U.S. Presidents 1945-1989 Truman took over when FDR died in office and presided over the end of World War II in Europe and the Pacific, and he made the decision to use atomic weapons on Japan to end the war. And that ushered in whats called the Atomic Age and the Cold War, which continued until 1991 and the fall of the Soviet Union. This period is defined by peace and prosperity in the 1950s, the assassination of Kennedy in 1963, civil rights protests and civil rights legislative changes, and the Vietnam War. The late 1960s were particularly contentious, with Johnson taking much of the heat over Vietnam. The 1970s brought a watershed constitutional crisis in the form of Watergate. Nixon resigned in 1974 after the House of Representatives passed three articles of impeachment against him. The Reagan years brought peace and prosperity as in the 50s, with a popular president presiding. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) U.S. Presidents 1989-2017 This most recent era of American history is marked by prosperity but also by tragedy: The attacks of Sept.11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and including the lost plane in Pennsylvania took 2,996 lives and was the deadliest terrorist attack in history and the most horrific attack on the U.S. since Pearl Harbor. Terrorism and Mideast strife have dominated the period, with wars being fought in Afghanistan and Iraq soon after 9/11 and ongoing terrorism fears throughout these years. The 2008 financial crisis was the worst in the U.S. since the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)Bill Clinton (1993-2001)George W. Bush (2001-2009)Barack Obama (2009-2017)Donald Trump (2017- )

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The fall of the aztec empire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The fall of the aztec empire - Research Paper Example At first, there was an earthquake in the city of Tenochtitlan, which was later followed by a flood in Lake Texcoco nearby. Both these events caused considerable damage to the Empire. Lives were lost, and resources were used up that could not be replenished quickly. What is more, there was an effect on the morale of the Aztecs as well. They held the belief that these natural disasters, along with some paranormal phenomena supposedly observed by some, foretold the fall of their empire. The Aztec Empire employed, as written before, a combination of trade and military tactics to expand their territory. This entailed that they were constantly involved in military conflicts. These military conflicts took their toll, not only on the resources of the Empire, but also on the Aztec warriors. These warriors, or soldiers, had constant warring on their hand, as they had to keep the rebellious tribes in check. Another factor that took its toll on the Aztec population was their practice of human sa crifice. Although it was not a unique phenomenon, however, the Aztec Empire was accustomed to sacrificing humans on a very large scale. They sacrificed thousands of their own people at the altars of their gods under one pretext or another. This not only decreased their population, thus decreasing the number of possible young men to be recruited as warriors or soldiers, but it also caused a deep resentment and hatred in the hearts and minds of non-Aztec against the Empire. This caused many a war (as above discussed) and, moreover, it was one of the reasons why the Tlaxcalans sided with the Conquistadores against the Empire. Moreover the Conquistadores decided to conquer the Empire, perhaps, because of the latter’s human sacrifice and end the evil practice. Coming to the Tlaxcalans, they consisted of people occupying more than 150 towns. They were constantly under threat of the Aztec Empire, with the Empire blockade a constant reality that had left the people poor and hungry. T he Empire already having conquered most of the land around their main city of Tlaxcala, also used Tlaxcalans as sacrifices to their gods. The rulers, therefore, welcomed Cortes’ expedition and saw in him their way of getting rid of the dangers posed by the Aztec Empire once and for all. Though it is uncertain whether they embraced Christianity, as was Cortes’ main mission, however, the chieftains did agree to form an alliance with Cortes and his Conquistadores. Furthermore, the Spaniards brought with them, as Europeans in other parts of America brought with them, diseases that were new to the indigenous population of the Americas. In the case of the Aztecs it was smallpox. Transmitted by someone in the Spanish army, smallpox spread quickly in the Aztec Empire. The Aztec casualty rate was high, with some historians saying that around 40 percent of the population fell victim to the disease. Though more conservative estimates put the number close to 20 to 25 percent, howe ver, a large portion of the population died after contracting smallpox. However, there is debate among the historians regarding this. Some surmise that it was actually a disease known as Cocolitzili in the local language that caused the population to diminish in such large numbers. Carried by the rodents, the virus, which was similar to the modern day Birdflu or Swineflu